The influence of leveling agents on coatings is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. **Improve leveling property** Leveling agents reduce the surface tension of coatings, enabling the coatings to flow better after construction and form a flat and smooth film. They can effectively reduce or eliminate common defects such as orange peel, fisheye, shrinkage cavity, pinhole, and Benard vortex, thereby enhancing the decorative and protective functions of the coatings. 2. **Enhance wettability** Leveling agents can significantly improve the wettability of coatings to substrates, enabling the coatings to adhere better to the substrate surface and reducing film defects caused by uneven surface tension. This improvement in wettability helps the coatings spread evenly to form a flatter surface. 3. **Enhance coating appearance** Leveling agents can enhance the gloss and fullness of coatings, making the film surface smoother and more uniform. By reducing the surface tension gradient, leveling agents can prevent the appearance of uneven textures on the coating surface, thus improving the visual effect of the coatings. 4. **Optimize construction performance** The use of leveling agents can improve the construction performance of coatings and reduce defects such as brush marks and roller marks during construction. They can also make the coatings easier to operate during construction by adjusting the rheology of the coatings. 5. **Improve coating performance** Although the main function of leveling agents is to improve the leveling property, their indirect effects also include improving the adhesion and durability of coatings. By reducing the surface defects of coatings, leveling agents help to enhance the overall performance of coatings. 6. **Potential impacts on coatings** Excessive addition of leveling agents may have a negative impact on coating performance, such as causing the coating to become thinner, sagging, and even reducing the stability of the coating. Therefore, when using leveling agents, it is necessary to reasonably control the addition amount according to the coating system and construction requirements. In conclusion, leveling agents play a significant role in improving the leveling property, wettability, appearance and construction performance of coatings. However, attention should be paid to the addition amount to avoid adverse effects on coating performance.